Condition responsive parameter control means

ABSTRACT

A unitary, multiple diaphragm structure is provided which includes integral valve means and flow passages, the structure being substantially entirely composed of a flexible resilient material. Additional rigid inserts are integrally molded into the basic structure to provide additional valving and seating arrangements for desired functional adaptability. The diaphragm structure is combined with hollow housing structures comprised of stacked plates or the like for mounting the peripheral portions of the multiple diaphragms of the unitary structure. Selective porting and pressure connections in the housing structures effect a family of differential pressure responsive modules or devices such as relays, comparators, and the like. A simplified temperature to pressure transducer is provided in which a compound bimetal spring selectively retains a spherical valve in an exhaust port to provide a modulated pressure output as a function of temperature changes. The transducer and family of differential pressure responsive modules are combined to provide a plurality of parameter control systems having a wide variety of operating modes. Several of the systems are convertible from one operating mode to another by merely changing the supply pressure magnitudes. The transducer is characterized by the fact that it requires no changeover adjustment to adapt it to the multiple modes of the systems.

United States Patent Kreuter et al.

[ CONDITION RESPONSIVE PARAMETER CONTROL MEANS [75] Inventors: Kenneth G. Kreuter, Klaus P.

Mueller, both of Goshen, Ind.

[73] Assignee: Robertshaw Controls Richmond, Va.

[22] Filed; Jan. 22, 1971 [21] Appl. No.: 109,015

Company,

Related U.S. Application Data [62] Division of Ser. No. 884,947, Dec. 15, 1969, Pat. No. 3,575,343, which is a division of Ser. No. 594,85l,

[451 Mayl,l973

57 ABSTRACT A unitary, multiple diaphragm structure is provided which includes integral valve means and flow passages, the structure being substantially entirely composed of a flexible resilient material. Additional rigid inserts are integrally molded into the basic structure to provide additional valving and seating arrangements for desired functional adaptability. The diaphragm structure is combined with hollow housing structures comprised of stacked plates or the like for mounting the peripheral portions of the multiple diaphragms of the unitary structure. Selective porting and pressure connections in the housing structures effect a family of differential pressure responsive modules or devices such as relays, comparators, and the like. A simplified temperature to pressure transducer is provided in which a compound bimetal spring selectively retains a spherical valve in an exhaust port 137/85 to provide a modulated pressure output as a function g d of temperature changes. The transducer and family of [56] References differential pressure responsive modules are combined UNITED STATES PATENTS to provide a plurality of parameter control systems having a wide variety of operating modes. Several of 2,638,921 5/1953 Caldwell eta]. ..2gl7s g2 the Systems are convertible from one Operating mode 3,394,722 7/1968 Stranahan 5 to another by merely changing the Supply pressure Primary Examiner wmiam E- Wayner magnltudes. The transducer is character zed by the A A J ks et a] fact that it requires no changeover adjustment to "W 6 ac on adapt it to the multiple modes of the systems.

7 Claims, 18 Drawing Figures l5 fPT 4 76 l/ID' P6 P4 l I Pl a PA a MAIN SUPPLY M I I5 PSI PATENTEDHAY "1 ms SHEET 5 BF 6 mtz mm mm 40 ma 2 7 Nil mm. mi i. od 4: 0 n vo vmik flw -2 v2 (2 02 Mm PATENTEUKAY mm sum 6 UF 6 62-4090 .mm mm CONDITION RESPONSIVE PARAMETER CONTROL MEANS This application is a divisional patent application of its co-pending parent application, Ser. No. 884,947, filed Dec. 15, 1969, now Pat. No. 3,575,343 and is assigned to the same assignee to whom the parent application is assigned. Parent Application, Ser. No. 884,947, in turn, is a divisional patent application of its parent copending patent application, Ser. No. 594,851,

.filed Nov. 16, 1966.

This invention relates to condition responsive parameter control means, and more particularly to new and novel elements, components, concepts and systems including same, wherein a fluid control medium such as air under pressure provides the operating capability for the systems.

It is an object of this invention to provide new and novel diaphragm means for fluid operated control components and the like.

It is another object of this invention to provide new and novel fluid operated control components having an optimally minimum number of component parts.

Another object of this invention is to provide new and novel fluid operated control components having optimized simplicity of structure and design, whereby the production cost of such components is materially reduced.

Another object of this invention is to provide new and novel fluid operated control systems.

Still another object of this invention is to provide new and novel integral diaphragm assemblies for fluid operated control components requiring a plurality of flexible wall or diaphragm means, said assemblies being readily adaptable to a wide variety of control functions.

Still another object of this invention is to provide new and novel fluid operated control components including new and novel pressure-responsive diaphragm assemblies.

Still another object of this invention is to provide new and novel fluid operated control systems convertible between various modes of operation by the sole expedients of pressure and channeling variations in the fluid control'medium, whereby optimum simplicity of mechanical components is provided and changeover procedures in mechanical components in associated transducer means and the like are obviated.

Yet another object of this invention is to provide a new and novel family of fluid operated control components or modules which can be combined in various combinations to effect a family of control systems having a wide variety of operating modes.

Yet another object of this invention is to provide new and novel means in fluid operated control systems for selectively adjusting the throttling range of the said systems.

These and other objects of this invention will become more fully apparent with reference to the following specification and drawings which relate to several preferred embodiments of this invention.

In the drawings:'

FIG. 1 is a perspective in partial cross-section of one embodiment ofa diaphragm assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional structural schematic of a fluid operated diverting relay of the present invention incorporating the diaphragm assembly of FIG. ll;

FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional perspective of a second embodiment of a diaphragm assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional structural schematic of another fluid operated diverting relay of the present invention incorporating the diaphragmassembly of FIG.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional structural schematic of a control pressure modulating comparator relay of the present invention incorporating a relay ratio selecting means of the present invention and a third embodiment of a diaphragm assembly of the present invention;

FIGS. 5A, 5B and 5C are schematic illustrations of the effect provided by the relay ratio adjusting means of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional structural schematic of a pressure regulating means of the present invention;

FIG. 6A is an enlarged perspective view of an adjusting cam means in the pressure regulator of FIG. 6;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional structural schematic of a temperature to pressure transducer of the present invention; I

FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view of the transducer of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a single temperature fluid operated thermostat system of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a day-night fluid operated thermostat system of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a day-night fluid operated thermostat system of the present invention including manual override means;

FIG. 11A is a cross-sectional structural schematic of a manual override means detail of FIG. 1 1;

FIG. 12 is a general schematic ofa heating or cooling control system specifically including the thermostat system of FIGS. 11 and 1 1A but generally illustrative of the application of the other embodiments of the thermostat system herein to heating and/or cooling control systems; and

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a summer-winter (heating-cooling) thermostat system of the present invention.

I. DIAPHRAGM ASSEMBLIES AND RELATED CONTROL COMPONENTS Referring in detail to the drawings and more particularly to FIG. 1, a first embodiment 10 of the diaphragm assembly of the present invention is shown as including a main body portion 12, illustrated as a hollow elongated cylindrical stem or spindle, having a plurality of radially extending, axially spaced, integrally formed radial diaphragm elements 14A, 14B and 14C thereon.

Each of the diaphragms 14A, 14B and 14C and the main body portion 12 are comprised of the same resilient material; the diaphragms 14A, 14B and 14C comprising circular flexible webs 16A, 16B and 16C, respectively having raised annular beads or sealing ridges 18A, 18B and 18C around the respective peripheries thereof on at least one side of the said webs 16A, 16B and 16C.

One of the diaphragms 148, as illustrated the central diaphragm having the largest area defined by its web 16B, is reinforced by the provision of a thickened web portion 20 extending integrally from the main body portion 12 of the diaphragm assembly 10, radially outward to a point of lesser radius than the entire web 168. Additionally, if desired or needed, additional strength may be provided to the thickened web portion 20 by an integrally molded metal washer 22 or the like extending from within the main body portion 12 radially outward in the thickened web portion 20.

It is emphasized that the entire diaphragm assembly 10, is a unitary structure formed by molding or the like from resilient, flexible material such as natural or synthetic rubber, vinyl or other plastics, or the like, with the exception of any integrated additional reinforcing means such as the metal washer 22.

The main body portion or stem 12 is provided at its lower end with an annular valve surface 24 and at its upper end with an annular valve surface 26, both being formed directly in the material of the said stem 12. The valve surfaces 24 and 26 are at opposite ends of an axial bore 27 in the stem 12 of the diaphragm assembly 10.

Referring now to FIG. 2, a fluid pressure operated control component comprising a fluid comparator 28 including the diaphragm assembly will be described.

The comparator 28 is shown as comprising the diaphragm assembly 10 of FIG. 1 secured by means ofa plurality of stacked plates 32-38, the said plates including a base plate 32, first and second mid-plates 34 and 36 and a top or cap plate 38, stacked one upon the other in that order. The plates 32-38 are cut away internally to define pressure chambers bounded by the respective diaphragms 14A, 14B and 14C of the diaphragm assembly 10. Further, the base plate 32, first mid-plate 34 and the cap plate 38 have the cut-away portions thereof bounded by peripheral sealing grooves 40 in the plate adjacent faces thereof, the said grooves 40 receiving the annular beads or sealing ridges 18A, 18B and 18C on the respectively associated diaphragms 14A, 14B and 14C. The ridges 18A, 18B and 18C are respectively compressed into the sealing grooves 40A, 40B and 40C by the clamping action of the ungrooved surface portion of the respectively adjacent juxtaposed stacked plates 32-38, the latter being held in place such as by clamping, bolting, welding, or the like.

The base plate 32 includes a pressure inlet P1 and a first pressure outlet P2, both communicating with a first output pressure chamber 42 in the said base plate 32 bounded on one side by the diaphragm 14A. The first output pressure chamber 42 has a flat bottom wall 44 engageable with the annular valve surface 24 on the stem 12 of the diaphragm assembly 10, the said valve surface 24 being annularly disposed with and adapted to selectively connect the pressure inlet P1 with the first output pressure chamber 42, the said inlet Pl comprising a port through the chamber wall 44. Thus, the inlet P1 is in substantial axial alignment and communication with the hollow bore 27 of the stem portion 12 of the diaphragm assembly 10.

The cap plate 38 includes a second pressure outlet P3 communicating with a second output pressure chamber 46 in the said cap plate 38 bounded on one side by the diaphragm 14C.

The second output pressure chamber 46 has a flat outer wall 48 engageable with the second annular valve surface 26 on the stem 12 of the diaphragm assembly 10, whereby the hollow bore 27 in the said stem 12 is selectively placed in communication with the second output chamber 46. The second outlet P3 comprises a port through the chamber wall 48. Thus, the second outlet P3 is also selectively placed in communication with the hollow bore 27 in the diaphragm assembly stem 12.

First and second pressure comparator chambers A and B are provided in the first and second midplates 34 and 36, respectively, the diaphragm 14B comprising a common dividing wall for both said comparator chambers. The first comparator chamber A is bounded on its other side by the diaphragm 14A and the second comparator chamber B is bounded on its other side by the diaphragm 14C.

First and second comparator pressure inlets PA and PB communicate, respectively, with the first and second comparator chambers A and B and comprise ports through the first and second midplates 34 and 36.

In operation, supply pressure from a suitable source, not shown, is applied to the pressure inlet P1 and first and second input pressures, from other suitable sources not shown, to be compared, are applied to the first and second comparator inlets PA and PB, respectively.

Since the upper and lower diaphragms 14A and 14B are shown as being of equal area, and since the central diaphragm 14B is common to both comparator chambers A and B, the forces of the supply pressure in the first and second output chambers 42 and 46 acting through the said upper and lower diaphragms 14A and 14C on the diaphragm assembly stem 12 is self-balancing and any resultant force on the assembly stem 12 is a function of the difference in the pressures in the first and second comparator chambers A and B. Thus, if the pressure in the first comparator chamber A has the greatest magnitude, the resultant force of unbalance drives the assembly stem upward, seating the second annular valve surface 26 on the wall 48 of the second outlet chamber 46, causing supply pressure to be transmitted from the inlet P1 to the first outlet chamber 42 and out through the first pressure outlet P2.

Conversely, if the pressure in the second comparator chamber B has the greatest magnitude, the assembly stem 12 will be shifted downward, seating the first annular valve surface 24 on the wall 44 of the first outlet chamber 42, concentrically of the pressure inlet P1, causing supply pressure to be transmitted through the axial bore 27 of the assembly stem 12 to the second output chamber 46 and out through the second pressure output P3.

Thus, the relative magnitudes of the two compared pressures of the first and second comparator chambers A and B are sensed by the comparator relay 28 and evidenced by the selective diversion of supply pressure from the first outlet port P2 to the second outlet port P3 and vice-versa. I

Referring to FIGS. 3A and 38 a second embodiment of a pressure comparator comprising a fluid diverting relay 28A will now be described. Similar parts to FIGS.

1 and 2 will be identified by like numerals followed by The diaphragm assembly IOA includes an open ended cylindrical assembly stem 112A open at its lower end and having its closed upper end wall 50 coinciding with the upper diaphragm I4CA. An internally coextensive, coaxial valve stem 52 extends downward from the closed end wall 50 of the assembly stem 112A and may, if desired, extend slightly beyond the open lower end of the said assembly stern 12A. Further, a plurality of flow ports 54 may be provided through the upper diaphragm I4CA and stem end wall 50, for a purpose to be hereinafter described, the said flow ports 54 being radially disposed with reference to the coaxial valve stem 52.

A rigid reinforcing member 22A of metal or the like is integrally incorporated in the assembly A and is conformal with the assembly stem 12A, the walls of the said stem 12A intermediate the upper and intermediate diaphragms 14CA and MBA and thence flanged radially outward into the thickened portion A of the web portion I6BA of the intermediate diaphragm I4BA. The reinforcing member 22A may be entirely covered with the resilient material comprising the diaphragm assembly 10A, as shown in FIG. 3A, or may be partially exposed within the closed wall and upper stem area of the assembly stern 12A, as shown in FIG. 3B. In either case, that portion within the valve stem 52 is covered and includes a thickened resilient first valve surface 54 on the lower end of the valve stem 52. The surface of the upper diaphragm I4CA immediately above the upper end of the valve stem 52 comprises a second valve surface 56 and may be thickened to afford more resilience as shown in FIG. 3B.

The first and second comparator chambers AA and BA and the first and second comparative pressure inputs PAA and PBA, respectively, are arranged in the manner described with reference to the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2.

To provide for versatility of function, to be hereinafter more fully described, the first and second pressure outputs P2A and P3A communicate, via the flow ports 54 in the diaphragm assembly IDA with a common output chamber E, either or both of the said outputs BA and P3A being usable as desired.

First and second supply pressure inlets PIA and PIA are located, respectively, in the base and cap plates 32A and 38A in the form of flow ports having annular valve seats 58 and 60, respectively, extending inwardly toward and adapted to be engaged by the resilient valve surfaces 54 and 56, respectively, at opposite ends of the valve stem 52 of the diaphragm assembly 10A.

Further, as shown in FIG. 3B, the diverting relay 28A may include a biasing means such as a compression spring 62 coaxially disposed about the valve stem 52 and abutting both the closed end wall 50 of the assembly stem 10A and the inner wall 44A of the bottom plate 32A. Thus, the force of the spring 62 effects an upward thrust on the diaphragm assembly 110A, placing a normally open constraint on the first supply inlet PIA and a normally closed constraint on the second supply inlet PIA.

In operation, assuming the pressure input ports PIA and PIA are connected with suitable sources of supply pressure and the comparator pressure ports FAA and PBA are connected to suitable signal pressure sources, if the pressure in the second comparator chamber BA exceeds the pressure in the first comparator chamber AA sufficiently to overbalance the upward force of the spring 62 and the resultant upward force of the pressure AA on the middle diaphragm MBA, the valve stem 52 of the diaphragm assembly IIIA will be driven downwardly engaging the second valve surface 54 with the first annular valve seat 58 and will disengage the second valve surface 56 from the second annuljar valve seat 60. Thus, supply pressure from the second pressure input port PIA will be admitted to the output chamber E and will appear at the output ports PZA and P3A. As previously stated, either or both of the output ports P2A and P3A may be utilized depending upon the systems application of the diverting relay 28A.

If the differential between the pressure in the second comparator chamber BA and that in the first comparator chamber AA is less than that necessary to satisfy the above-defined conditions, the force of the spring 62 will seat the second valve surface 56 on the second valve seat 60, closing of the second supply port PIA and admitting pressure from the first supply port PIA to the output chamber E.

If desired, for further versatility of application, the spring 62 may be removed and a lesser differential will be required to effect operation of the diverting relay 28A.

Referring now to FIG. 4, a modulating comparator relay 28B, including a unitary diaphragm assembly 108 in combination with a conventional poppet relay valve 64 having first and second spherical valve surfaces 66 and 68, will be described. Like parts to FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 4 will bear like numerals to FIGS. I and 2 with the suffix B.

The diaphragm assembly 10B includes diaphragms MAR, 1488 and I4CB mounted between stacked plates 3213-3818 as previously defined with reference to FIG. 2. In the embodiment of FIG. 4, however, the stem portion 1218 includes a through bore 27B which is counterbored at one end to form an internal valve seat 70 conformal with and adapted to engage the first valve surface 66 on the relay valve 64.

The opposite end of the bore 278 in the diaphragm stem 12B is sufficiently enlarged to telescopically receive a second valve seat 72 conformal with and adapted to engage the second valve surface 68 on the relay valve 64. The said second valve seat 72 comprises an axially bored resilient member which is snap-coupled to an axial bored and axially adjustable threaded nipple 74, threadably inserted in the cap plate 38B of the comparator relay 28B in axial alignment with the relay valve 64. The axial bores in the second valve seat 72 and nipple 74 are aligned and comprise an exhaust port PE for the comparator relay 233.

The comparator relay includes a supply pressure input FIB connected with a supply chamber 42B; a branch or control pressure outlet PC connected with a control pressure chamber C; first and second signal pressure inputs FAB and lPBB connected, respectively, with first and second comparator chambers AB. and BB.

The control chamber C is defined by the cap plate 388, upper diaphragm I4CB and hollow bore 278 of w the diaphragm stem 128 above the first valve seat 70; the said first valve 66 of the relay valve 64 and the said first valve seat 70 controlling the transfer of pressure from the supply chamber 428 into the control chamber In regard to the coaction of the first valve 66 and first valve seat 70, it should be noted that the reinforcing insert 22B in the intermediate diaphragm 14BB extends radially inward of the bore 27B to reinforce the said first valve seat 70 against the engaging action of the first valve 66.

In operation, assuming a balanced, quiescent condition in the comparator relay 288 in which the pressures in the first comparator chamber AB and the supply chamber 42B generate a force on the diaphragm assembly 10B equal to that generated thereon by the pressures in the control chamber C and the second comparator chamber BB, and further assuming the supply inlet PlB and supply chamber 423 are supplied by a suitable pressure source, both the first and second relay valve surfaces 66 and 68 will be seated, respectively, on the first and second valve seats 70 and 72. Thus, the control pressure in the control chamber C will be at some previously constrained value.

Now, should one of the pressures in the comparator chambers vary in an amount to satisfy the response sensitivity of the comparator relay 28B, and axial displacement of the diaphragm stem 128 will be effected.

As shown, if the pressure in the first comparator chamber AB increases (or that in the second comparator chamber BB decreases), the resultant force from the pressure differential effected across the intermediate diaphragm 14BB will force the diaphragm stem 12B upward and unseat the first valve 66 from the first valve seat 70. Consequently, supply pressure will flow through the bore 27B in the said stem 123 into the control chamber C and out the control pressure outlet port PC until such time as the pressure in the control chamber C increases in an amount sufficient to act on the upper diaphragm 14GB and fully oppose the resultant upward force on the diaphragm stem 12B, at which point the stem 128 will be driven fully downward and constrain the first valve seat 70 to re-engage the first valve 66 of the relay valve 64.

Should the pressure differential between the comparator chambers reverse and effect a resultant downward force on the diaphragm assembly 10B, the diaphragm 12C will constrain the first valve seat 70 to drive the relay valve 64 downward, unseating the second valve 68 of the said relay valve 64 from the second valve seat 72. Consequently, the pressure in the control chamber C will be exhausted through the exhaust port PE until such time as the pressure therein has been reduced to a value permitting the said second valve 68 to re-engage the said second valve seat 72, at

which time the comparator relay 288 will once more be whereby the threaded nipple 74 may be axially adjusted in the cap plate 383.

In explanation, referring to FIGS. 5A, 5B and SC in addition to FIG. 4, a schematic diaphragm D is shown in a normal, undisturbed, quiescent position in FIG. 5A as having an effective area diameter DA; in an upwardly displaced quiescent condition in FIG. 58 as having a smaller effective area diameter DB (relative to the normal diameter DA); and in a downwardly displaced quiescent condition as having a greater effective area diameter DC (relative to the normal diameter DA); wherein all of the foregoing effective area diameters relate to the response of the diaphragm D to pressure acting upwardly on the diaphragms as shown. Thus, by varying the effective area diameter, and hence the effective area of the diaphragm D, the resultant force on the said diaphragm in response to a given pressure will also vary.

Accordingly, axial displacement of the second valve seat 74 in FIG. 4 will constrain the diaphragm assembly 10B to assume selectively variable positions at which a quiescent state of the relay 288 can exist, changing the effective areas of the diaphragms 14AB, 14BB and 14CC with respect to given variations in the several pressures acting on the said diaphragm assembly 10B and thereby changing the respectively resulting forces generated thereon in response thereto.

PRESSURE REGULATOR VALVE Referring in detail to FIGS. 6 and 6A, a pressure regulator valve 76 is shown as including a housing 78 comprising a base plate 80, first and second mid-plates 82 and 84 and a cap plate 86 defining an internal cavity 88.

Within the cavity 88 and across the inner end thereof adjacent the base plate is a flexible regulator diaphragm 90 having an integral annular bead 92 thereon compressibly receivable in an annular groove 94 between the base plate 80 and first mid-plate 82.

The base plate 80 is provided with an exhaust port P4 therethrough having raised annular exhaust valve seat 96 at its inner end immediately adjacent to and adapted to be engaged by the central portion of the regulator diaphragm 90. In addition, a supply pressure port P5 and a regulated output pressure port PR are provided in the base plate 80 in communication with a regulator chamber 98 between the base plate 80 and regulator diaphragm 90; the said regulator chamber 98 also being in selective communication with the exhaust port P4 as controlled by the disposition of the regulator diaphragm 90 in relation to the annular exhaust valve seat 96. A flow restriction 100 is placed in-line between the supply pressure inlet port PS and the regulator chamber 98.

A regulator spring 102 in the form of a helical compression spring or the like is mounted in the internal cavity 88 of the regulator 76 and is constrained between a diaphragm button 104 mounted on the central portion of the regulator diaphragm 90 at its lower end and an adjustable stop 106 juxtaposed with an axially displaceable spring adjusting screw 108 at its upper end.

The adjusting screw 108 is threadably engaged in an internally threaded axial bore 110 in a rotary pressure control knob 112 which is cylindrical in end view and includes a radially disposed cam surface 114 about a portion of its periphery at the inner end thereof within the internal cavity 80 of the regulator '76. The upper end of the control knob 112 is journalled in a cylindrical bore 116 in the cap plate 86 and extends outwardly therethrough.

Since the regulator spring 102 presses axially upward on the control knob 112 via the adjusting screw 108, a cooperating boss or detent 118 is provided which extends radially inward of the cavity 88 from the second midplate 84 into juxtaposition with the radial cam surface 114, thus constraining the axial displacement of the control knob 112 in response to the force of the regulator spring 102 to a predetermined position dependent upon the degree of rotation of the said control knob 112 and its radial cam surface 114 relative to the detent 1 18. i

In operation, assuming a source of supply pressure connected with the supply pressure inlet PS, the pressure in the regulator cavity will be dependent upon the force of the regulator spring 102, as selected by the axial position of adjusting screw 108 and rotary position and resulting axial displacement of the control knob 1 12, acting to seat the regulator diaphragm 90 on the annular exhaust seat 96 against the force generated on the regulator diaphragm 90 by the pressure in the regulator cavity 98. Should the pressure in the regulator chamber 98 and at the outlet port P6 be below the set point of the pressure regulator 76, the exhaust port 1P4 will be closed by the regulator spring 102 forcing the regulator diaphragm 90 to seat on the annular exhaust seat 96 and close the exhaust port P4. Thus, the pressure in the regulator chamber 98 and at the regulator outlet PR will build up to the preselected value,

balancing the spring'force with the force of the said pressure acting against the regulator diaphragm 90. Any tendency to exceed the set point will result in an upward displacement of the regulator diaphragm 90 against the action of the regulator spring 102, unseating the said diaphragm from the annular exhaust valve seat 96 and exhausting any pressure from the regulator chamber 98which is of a magnitude in excess of the set point of the regulator 76. Thus, there will be a substantially constant regulated output pressure always present at the regulator output PR.

TEMPERATURE-TO-PRESSURE TRANSDUCER Referring in detail to FIGS. 7 and 8, a temperatureto-pressure transducer 120 is shown as including a base plate 122 having a supply pressure input P6 connected through an in-line flow restriction 124 to an internal pressure chamber 126, the latter being in communication with a transducer output port PT.

The internal pressure chamber P7 is further in communication with an exhaust port P7 including a countersunk annular valve seat 120 at its outer end, in which is mounted a spherical exhaust valve 130.

The exhaust valve 130 is maintained against the exhaust seat 128 by means of a temperature responsive first distortable element 132, which may comprise an elongated bimetal strip or the like, mounted at its ends by means of integral tabs 134 inserted in receiving slots 136 in the upstanding end flanges 130 of a coextensive hold-down bracket comprising a second temperature distortable element 140. The second distortable element 140 includes an opening 142 through which the exhaust valve 130 extends into engagement with the underside of the first distortable element 132, and is secured to the base plate 122 by means of hold-down screws 144 and spacer washers 146 cooperating with tapped sockets 148 adjacent the exhaust port P7 in the base plate 122. The main body portion 150 of the holddown bracket 140 is in the form of an elongated flat plate. I

In operation, assuming a source of supply pressure connected with the supply port P6, pressure flows into the pressure chamber 126 through the restrictor 124 and forces the exhaust valve off the exhaust seat 128 and into engagement with the first distortable element 132. Thus, the unseating of the valve 130 provides a bleed rate from the chamber 126 proportional to the displacement of the valve 130 and regulates the output pressure at the transducer output PT as a function thereof.

As ambient temperature increases or decreases, the first and second distortable elements 132 and effect a net displacement at the center thereof changing the relative displacement between the valve 130 and valve seat 128 causing a corresponding variation in pressure at the transducer outlet PT as a function of temperature. Hence, there is effected a temperatureto-pressure transducer function.

For example, with an increase in temperature, the first distortable element 132 will curl upward at its outer ends while the outer ends of the second element 140 will curl downward, causing a net downward force on the exhaust valve 130, a firmer closing of exhaust port P7 and an increase in the pressure at the transducer output PT. The reverse effect occurs as the temperature decreases, thus lowering the pressure at the transducer output PT. Thus, the pressure output of the transducer 120 is directly proportional to the change in ambient temperature being sensed thereby.

II. MODULAR CONTROL SYSTEMS A. STNGLE TEMPERATURE THERMOSTAT Referring now to FIG. 9, a single temperature thermostat system is shown as including three modular elements of the invention, namely, a pressure regulator valve 76, a comparator relay 28B and a transducer 120.

A source of supply pressure MS, for example 15 p.s.c., is commonly connected to the supply pressure inputs PlB, P5 and P6 of the system modules 288, 76 and 120, respectively, by pressure channels 152.

The output PT of the transducer 120 is connected with the second comparator input PBB of the comparator relay 2813 by a pressure channel 154.

The first comparator input PAB of the comparator relay 28B is connected with the output PR of the pressure regulator '76 by a pressure channel 156.

The branch or control pressure output of the com-- parator relay 28B is connected to the topwork of the conventional flow control valve or the like (not shown) for controlling the flow of heat exchange medium in the heating or colling system being controlled by the single temperature thermostat system. Such a system will be hereinafter generally and schematically described with reference to FIG. 12.

In operation, the pressure regulator 76 is adjusted to a preselected set point whereby the pressure at the regulator outlet PR and the first comparator input PAB of the relay 288 comprises a standard pressure for the thermostat system. Accordingly, variation in the ambient temperature at the transducer 120 results in a pressure at the transducer output PT and second comparator input PBB of the relay 288 which is compared with the standard pressure as previously defined in detail with reference to FIG. 4.

Thus, depending on the relative magnitudes of the pressures at the relay comparator inputs PAB and PBB, the control pressure at the relay control output PC will be modulated accordingly to control the flow of heat exchange medium or the like in the system being controlled.

In the system as shown in FIG. 9, with the transducer 120 functioning as defined with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8, the control pressure at the relay control output will change in magnitude in a directly proportional manner to ambient temperature changes. Thus, the system is said to be direct acting.

Inverse functioning, or reverse acting, systems are effected merely by reversing the connections of the pressure channels 154 and 156 from those above-described to the first and second relay comparator inputs PAB and P813, respectively.

Thus, the single temperature thermostat system will function as a suitable control for either heating or cooling systems merely by reversing the input connections of the comparator relay module 288.

It is important that the proper throttling range of a thermostatic system can be readily established; the throttling range expressing the relationship between the amount of temperature variation and hence, pressure change at the transducer output PT which will effect a full range swing of control pressure at the control output PC of the relay module 288. As a specific example, the number of degrees of temperature change which will effect a 3 to 15 pound pressure swing at the control output PC.

If the throttling range is too narrow, the thermostat of FIG. 9 will cease to be a modulating type control and simply become an on-off type control, resulting in severe hunting of the controlled temperature in the associated heating or cooling system. Conversely, if the throttling range is too wide, there will be a noticeable offset or drop in the controlled temperature in response to ambient variations since there will be insufficient response of the system to modulate the control pressure at the control output PC in response to normal ambient temperature variations.

Thus, referring additionally to the previous description of FIGS. 4 and SA-SC, the importance of the adjustable exhaust valve seat 72-74 now becomes readily apparent.

By adjusting the said exhaust seat 72-74 to change the effective area of the intermediate diaphragm 1488 of the comparator relay 288, the relative response of the said relay (i.e. the relay ratio) to the pressure at the transducer output PT may be selectively varied to effect the proper magnitude of pressure change at the control output PC of the said relay 288. This is readily accomplished under field conditions and relieves a long standing problem in the art requiring factory presetting of throttling range characteristics in such systems.

A further advantage of the purely pneumatic or pressure interconnections of the various modules 288, 76 and 120, is that there is no necessity for close proximity of these modules, all mechanical linkages having been obviated by the present invention. This advantage, as well as the versatility provided by the new and novel throttling range adjustment described above are attendant advantages of the other systems of this invention to be hereinafter more fully described.

B. DAY-NITE THERMOSTAT A day-nite thermostat system under the present invention is readily provided by the use of several of the previously described system modules of FIGS. 1-8 and with specific reference to FIG. 10 is shown as including first and second pressure regulator modules 76D and 76N for day and nite" control, respectively, a diverting relay module 28A, a comparator relay module 288 and a transducer module 120.

The transducer output PT is connected with the first comparator input PAB of the comparator relay 288 by a pressure channel 158.

The second comparator input of the comparator relay 28B is connected with the output port P2A 0f the diverting relay 28A by a pressure channel 160.

In the diverting relay 28A, the first comparator input PAA is open to atmosphere; the second comparator input PBA is connected to the main supply MS by a pressure channel 162; the first pressure input port PIA is connected with the first regulator output PRD by a pressure channel 164; and the second pressure input port PlA is connected with the second regulator output PRN by a pressure channel 166.

The main pressure supply MS is commonly connected to the transducer input P6, comparator relay input PlB, first regulator input PSD and second regulator input PSN by means of pressure channel 168.

In operation, the main supply MS is designed to supply a first pressure (15 p.s.i.) for day operation and a second higher pressure (25 p.s.i.) for nite operation.

Accordingly, the first regulator module 76D is adjusted to a desired day set point and the second regulator module 76N is adjusted to a desired nite set point. Now, as will be fully described, all that is necessary to switch between day and nite operation is to vary the main supply pressure and the system of FIG.

10 will automatically switch to and operate in the day or nite modes as determined merely by the value of supply pressure and the respective set points of the regulator modules 76D and 76N.

In the position shown in FIG. 10, the diaphragm assembly valve stem 52 in the diverting relay 28A is in closed position over the second pressure input PIA, precluding the admission to the divertingrelay of the nite" set point pressure from the second regulator output PRN. This is effected since the spring 62 of the diverting relay is sufficiently strong to overcome the effect of the lower day main pressure entering the second comparator port PBA from the channel 162.

Consequently, the day set point pressure from the first regulator output PRD enters the diverting relay 28A through the pressure channel 164 and first input port PIA and passes out through the output port P2A thereof into the second comparator input PBB of the 'parator input PBA, causing the valve stem 52 to shift downwardly, closing the first input port PllA and opening the second input port PIA. Thus, the second set point pressure from the second regulator output PRN enters the diverting relay through the second inlet port PIA and exits through the output port P2A and pressure channel 160, from whence it enters the second comparator input PBB of the comparator relay 2813.

This results in a new set point constraint being placed on the comparator relay 28B and the control pressure at the control output PC is modulated accordingly until the new constraint is satisfied and the system is balanced.

To effect inverse functioning of the day-nite" system of FIG. 10, the connection of pressure channels 158 and 160 to the first and second comparator inputs PAB and PBB, respectively, of the comparator relay 28B are merely reversed. Thus, day-nite control of either heating or cooling systems is readily effected.

C. DAY-NITE THERMOSTAT WITH MANUAL RESET Referring now to FIG. 11, a modification of the embodiment of FIG. permitting manual reset of the system from the nite to day mode and vice-versa when the main supply MS is set for the nite mode will be described.

The 'day-nite system with manual reset includes the day regulator module 76D, the nite regulator module 76N, the diverting relay module 28A and the comparator relay module 288, interconnected as previously described with reference to FIG. 10, in addition to a reset controlling diverting relay module 28AR.

In order to avoid crossing of pressure channels on the drawing and ease of connection, the first and second comparator inputs PAB and PBB of the comparator relay 28B are shown in duplicate, one on each side of the comparator relay 28B but having the same internal connections and functions.

Further, all pressure connections which in FIG. 11 may pass completely through the various modules but which retain the same functions as those of FIG. 10

bear identical numerals to FIG. 10. In this regard, some of the connections of the several modules become coincident and accordingly, bear double designations where appropriate.

Further, the first output port P2A of the diverting relay 28A is omitted and the alternate output port P3A, described in detail in FIG. 3B, is connected to the pressure channel 160 and through same to the second comparator inlet PBB of the comparator relay 283.

The reset control diverting relay 28AR has main pressure supplied thereto through pressure channel I button DB; its second pressure output port P3AR connected with a pressure channel 174 which together with the pressure channel 162 from the second comparator input PBA of the diverting relay 28A is connected to a reset pressure output PRP; and its second comparator input PBAR connected with the main pressure supply MS through a flow restrictor 176 and the main pressure channel 168 as well as through a pressure channel 178 to a nite reset button NB.

Referring to FIG. 11A, a day button DB, which is identical with the nite" button NB, is shown as comprising a cylindrical push-button 180 extending through an exhaust port 182 into a pressure chamber 184 in a housing 186, which may comprise a portion of the reset control diverting relay module 28AR or a in the chamber 184 and an integral, annular, resilient shoulder 192 abutting an opposite wall 194 of the chamber 184 about the periphery of the exhaust port 182. The button includes an axial cavity 196 immediately behind the resilient boss 188, permitting the button 180 to be manually depressed, compressing the boss 188 into the cavity 196, thereby unseating the annular shoulder 192 from the wall 194 and permitting pressure in the chamber 184 to exhaust to atmosphere through the exhaust port 182.

The chamber 184 is in communication with the main supply pressure by means of the pressure channel 17 previously described with reference to FIG. 11.

Referring now to FIG. 12, a schematic of a temperature control system for a space such as a classroom in a school building or the like incorporating the thermostat system of FIG. 11 is shown as including a heat exchanger 196, an associated blower 198 connected with an electrical source 200 through a pressure actuated switch 202, and a heatexchange medium flow control valve 204! controlling the flow of such medium into the exchanger 196 through a flow duct 206.

The top work of the flow control valve 204 is connected with the control pressure output PC of the thermostat, while the pressure sensitive switch 202 controlling the blow 198 is connected with the reset pressure output PRF of the thermostat.

For nite operation, the blower, for example, can be closed down as a result of the pressure switch 202 cutting off in response to the higher nite main pressure value. However, as will be further explained in connection 'with the operation of FIG. 11, when the day button DB is depressed, the pressure at the reset pressure output PRP drops and permits the pressure switch 202 to energize the blower 198 from the source 200 Further, nite operation includes a reduced flow of heat exchange medium into the exchanger 196 through the valve 204 and duct 206. The actuation of the day" button results also in an increase in control pressure at the control output PC which in turn modulates the valve 204 to change the flow rate of exchange medium into the heat exchanger 196.

This system thus permits individual control of the mode of temperature control in a room in a large building or room complex while the rest of the building is operating in a predetermined mode other than the one desired.

The system of FIG. 12, with the exception of the reset output PR? is a general example of the type of system readily controllable by the thermostatic systems of FIGS. 7, 10, 11 and 13, the latter to be hereinafter more fully described.

In operation, the system of FIG. 11 is shown in the day mode, pressure from the output PT of transducer module 120 being compared in the comparator relay module 288 with the set point pressure from the regulator output PRD of the day regulator module 76D, to effect a functionally related control pressure at the comparator relay control output PC.

To effect nite operation, the pressure source MS is constrained to increase its pressure output in the channels 168 from, for example, 15 PS1 to 25 PSI. This pressure change passes through the channels 168 through the flow restrictors 170 and 176 into the first and second comparator inputs PAAR and PBBR of the reset diverting relay module 28AR, maintaining the normal or quiescent position shown therein of the valve stem 52R by means of the biasing spring 62R. Main pressure further flows out of the reset module 28AR through the second output port P3AR and channel 174 to the reset output PRP as well as through the channel 162 to the second comparator input PBA of the diverting relay module 28A.

As previously described with reference to FIG. 3B and the foregoing systems, this increase in main pressure shifts the diverting relay valve stem 52 against the action of the biasing spring 62 to close the first (day") inlet port PIA and open the second (nite") inlet port PIA. Thus, the nite set point pressure from the regulator output PRN of the nite regulator module 76N is transmitted to the second comparator input PBB of the comparator relay module 283 and the control pressure at the control pressure output PC is modulated accordingly to satisfy the nite set point constraint.

To effect manual reset from nite" to day operation, the day" button DB is depressed, exhausting all of the pressure from reset diverting relay 28AR to atmosphere except for that in the second comparator chamber thereof (as supplied through the second comparator input PBAR). Pressure is also exhausted from the reset output PRP and the second comparator chamber (fed by the channel 162 and the second comparator input PBA) of the diverting relay 28A.

In the reset relay 28AR, the biasing spring 62R is overcome and the valve stem 52R closes the supply inlet PlAR, latching the second supply inlet PlA'R open to atmosphere.

In the diverting relay 28A the spring 62 resets the said relay 28A to the day" position by forcing the valve stem 52 upward to close the second input port PlA'.

Therefore, until subsequently disturbed, the system is locked in the day mode of operation, regardless of the increased value of the main supply pressure.

To permit resumption of the nite" mode of operation, the nite button NB is depressed, exhausting the pressure at the second comparator input PBAR of the reset relay 28AR to atmosphere. As a result, the reset relay 28AR switches back to the previously defined quiescent or normal position (as shown); reset pressure is restored in the channels 174 and 162, at reset output PRP and at the second comparator input PBA of the diverting relay module 28A, thus switching same back to the nite" position.

Had the reset operation been left in the day position, the return of the entire system to day operation would be automatically effected upon reduction of the main supply pressure to the lower (15 PSI) day value, and subsequently, upon another increase in main supply pressure to the higher (25 PSI) nite value, the entire system would be shifted to the night cycle.

Further, it can be readily seen that by the provision of the day and nite buttons DB and NB, and the particular interconnections shown in the reset module 28AR, the basic diverting relay module 28A may be readily converted to a latching relay.

The importance of the flow restrictors and 176 associated with the day" and nite buttons DB and NB, respectively, of the reset module 28AR becomes readily apparent with the realization that these restrictors prevent exhausting of main supply pressure from the common supply leads 168 and thus, preclude supply pressure fluctuation and spurious activation or disturbance of the rest of the thermostat system.

D. HEATING-COOLING THERMOSTAT A thermostat system for controlling both heating and cooling functions, often referred to as a summer-winter thermostat, will now be described with reference to FIG. 13.

In a heating system, where a warm heat exchange medium is being utilized, it is desired to decrease the flow of exchange medium with an increase in temperature. In a cooling system, however, where a cool heat exchange medium is being utilized, it is desired to increase the flow of exchange medium with increasing temperature. Therefore, in a combined system wherein a common system is used for both types of exchange medium, the respective control functions are necessarily relatively inverse in order that a common flow control valve can properly modulate the flow of the respective exchange mediums in the system.

Accordingly, the system of FIG. 13 effects an automatic switching from a direct acting to a reverse acting system in response to a change in the magnitude of the main supply pressure, wherein, for example, 15 PSI is utilized for a heating control function and 25 PSI is utilized for a cooling control function.

Referring in detail to FIG. 13, the heating-cooling thermostat system is shown as including a pressure regulator module 76, a transducer module 120, a comparator relay module 288 and first and second diverting relay modules 28A1 and 28A2.

The transducer output PT is connected through pressure channels 208 and 210, respectively, to the first pressure input P1Al of the first diverting relay 28A1 and the second pressure input P1A2 of the second diverting relay 28A2.

The pressure regulator output PR is connected through pressure channels 212 and 214, respectively, with the second pressure input P1A'1 of the first diverting relay 28A1 and the first pressure input P1A2 of the second diverting relay 28A2.

The main pressure supply MS is connected through common pressure channels 216 to the second comparator inlets P1A1 and PBA2 of the first and second diverting relays 28A1 and 28A2, respectively, the respective first comparator inlets PAAl and PAA2 of the said diverting relays being open to atmosphere.

The supply pressure input P6 and its associated flow restrictor 124 of the transducer 120 serve as the main pressure supply connection for the transducer 120 through a pressure channel 218, first output port P2A1 of the first diverting relay 28A1 and the said pressure channel 208 in the position shown in FIG. 13. The said first output port P2A1 of the first diverting relay 28A1 is also connected to the second comparator input PBB of the comparator relay 28B through a pressure channel 220 commonly connected with the channel 218 and restrictor 12 1.

The supply pressure input P and associated flow restrictor 100 serve as the main pressure supply connection for the pressure regulator 76 through a pressure channel 222 commonly connected by a pressure channel 224 to the first comparator input PAB of the comparator relay 28B and the second output port P2A2 of the second diverting relay 28A2, the latter, in the position shown, transferring pressure from its first output port P2A2 through its first input port PlA2 and channel 214 to the pressure regulator 76.

in operation, the system as shown in FIG. 13 is operating in the heating mode, the main supply pressure being at its lower heating mode value and being sufficient to overcome the force of the springs 62-1 and 62-2 to move the diaphragm-valve stems 52-1 and 52-2 from their normally closed positions over the second pressure inlet ports P1A'l and P1A'2 of the first and second diverting relays 28A1 and 28A2, respectively. Thus, as shown, the output pressure from the transducer output PT is transmitted by the first diverting relay 28A1 from its first output port P2A1 through channels 218 and 220 to the second comparator inlet PBB of the comparator relay 283; the output pressure from the regulatoroutput PR is transmitted by the second diverting relay 28A2 from its first output port P2A2 through channel 224 to the first comparator input PAB of the comparator relay 28B; and the differential (comparison) of the two pressures in the comparator relay 28B thereby effects a modulation of the control pressure at the control output PC to satisfy the set point constraint established by the pressure regulator 76.

To convert the system to the cooling mode, the pressure from the main supply MS is increased to its higher (25 PSl) value and the first and second diverting relays 28A1 and 28A2 are switched from the normally closed position shown in FIG. 13, by the action of the increased supply pressure overcoming the force of the first and second biasing spring 62-1 and 62-2, thereby closing the respective first input ports P1A1 and P1A2 and opening the respective second input ports P1A1 and P1A2. As a result of this switching action, the set point pressure from the regulator output PR is transmitted to the second comparator input PBB of the comparator relay 28B and the pressure from the transducer output PT is transmitted to the first comparator input PAB of the comparator relay 288.

This comprises a reversal of the comparator input connections of the comparator relay 283 in the cooling mode with respect to those connections in the heating mode for the system, and the proportionate response of the said comparator relay 28B inthe cooling mode is inversely related to its response in the heating mode.

Thus, changeover from a winter to a summer type operation of the system is effected purely by a change in main supply pressure, precluding all mechanical adjustments and precluding the need for any lever or linkage systems in the transducer module 120. Further, the same system can readily convey either heating or cooling heat exchange medium, precluding the need for parallel systems or transducer duplication.

in all of the foregoing systems, the throttling range adjustment provided in the comparator relay 288 gives wide versatility and ease of field adjustment to the said systems, precluding theneed for factory setting of the throttling range.

Further, all of the modules of the various systems comprise one or more of each of four control modules with the exception of the simple single-temperature system of FIG. 9, the latter utilizing only three control modules, no diverting relay modules being required. None of these systems require mechanical levers or linkages between modules, the operation being entirely by fluid pressure.

What is claimed is:

1. Temperature-to-pressure transducer means comprising a base, a pressure chamber in said base, said pressure chamber including input, bleed and output port means, said input port means including flow restrictor means and adapted to be connected therethrough to a source of supply pressure, and said bleed port means including a valve seat externally of said pressure chamber, a bleed valve comprising a free valve body operatively engaged with said valve seat, first elongated temperature distortable means secured to said base over said valve seat and being so shaped and so proportioned as to permit said valve body to extend therethrough, and second elongated temperature distortable means coterminous with and having its ends engaged with the ends of said first distortable means engageable intermediate its ends with said valve body, said first and second distortable means being distortable in opposition in response to a given temperature variation whereby said valve body is selectively constrained by said second distortable means, as a function of said temperature variation, toward said valve seat in opposition to the pressure acting thereon in said bleed port.

2. The invention defined in claim 1, wherein said first and second temperature distortable means comprise, respectively, first and second bimetallic strip means, said first strip means including slotted upturned ends and said second strip means having its ends engaged in said slotted ends of said first strip means.

3. The invention defined in claim 1, wherein said valve body comprises a spherical ball and said valve seat comprises an annular depressed surface which, together with said second distortable element maintains said ball in registry with said bleed port.

4. The invention defined in claim 1, wherein said first and second temperature distortable means comprise, respectively, first and second bimetallic strip means, said first strip means including slotted upturned ends and said second strip means having its ends engaged in said slotted ends of said first strip means; and wherein said valve body comprises a spherical ball and said valve seat comprises an annular depressed surface which, together with said second distortable element maintains said ball in registry with said bleed port.

5. Control means providing a control pressure output in response to a sensed parameter input comprising parameter-to-pressure transducer means converting a sensed parameter variation to a functionally related input pressure variable; pressure regulator means providing a preselected set point pressure, pressure responsive relay means comprising housing means, multiple diaphragm means including a common integral body portion in said housing defining displaceable wall pressure chambers therein, input means receiving said input pressure variable and said set point pressure into preselected ones of said pressure chambers effecting a displacement of said integral body portion as a function of the differential between said input pressure variable and said set point pressure, a control pressure output, and control pressure modulating valve means actuated in response to a displacement of said body portion; and throttling range control means for said control means comprising displaceable means in said housing of said relay means constraining said body portion to a predetermined quiescent position and effecting a predetermined change in the effective area of said diaphragm means and the proportionate response of said relay means to a given change in said input pressure variable, thereby precluding the need for compen- I sating adjustments of said transducer means.

6. The invention defined in claim 5, wherein said control means operates in a direct acting mode when said input pressure variable and said set point pressure are interconnected with said input means of said relay means in a predetermined manner and in a reverse acting mode when said pressures are inversely connected with said input means relative to said predetermined manner.

7. Control means providing a control pressure output in response to a sensed parameter input comprising parameter-to-pressure transducer means converting a sensed parameter variation to a functionally related input pressure variable; pressureregulator means providing a preselected set point pressure; and pressure responsive relay means comprising housing means, multiple diaphragm means including a common integral body portion in said housing defining displaceable wall pressure chambers therein, input means receiving said input pressure variable and said set point pressure into preselected ones of said pressure chambers effecting a displacement of said integral body portion as a function of the differential between said input pressure variable and said set point pressure, a control pressure output, and control pressure modulating valve means actuated in response to a displacement of said body portion; said parameter-to-pressure transducer means comprising a base, a pressure chamber in said base, said pressure chamber including input, bleed and output port means, said input means including flow restrictor means and adapted to be connected therethrough to a source of supply pressure, and said bleed port means including a valve seat externally of said pressure chamber, a bleed valve comprising a free valve body operatively engaged with said valve seat, first elongated parameter distortable means secured to said base over said valve seat and being so shaped and so proportioned as to permit said valve body to extend therethrough, and second elongated parameter distortable means coterminous with and having its ends engaged with the ends of said first distortable means engageable intermediate its ends with said valve body, said first and second distortable means being distortable in opposition in response to a given parameter variation whereby said valve body is selectively constrained by said second distortable means, as a function of said parameter variation, toward said valve seat in opposition to the pressure acting thereon in said bleed port. 

1. Temperature-to-pressure transducer means comprising a base, a pressure chamber in said base, said pressure chamber including input, bleed and output port means, said input port means including flow restrictor means and adapted to be connected therethrough to a source of supply pressure, and said bleed port means including a valve seat externally of said pressure chamber, a bleed valve comprising a free valve body operatively engaged with said valve seat, first elongated temperature distortable means secured to said base over said valve seat and being so shaped and so proportioned as to permit said valve body to extend therethrough, and second elongated temperature distortable means coterminous with and having its ends engaged with the ends of said first distortable means engageable intermediate its ends with said valve body, said first and second distortable means being distortable in opposition in response to a given temperature variation whereby said valve body is selectively constrained by said second distortable means, as a function of said temperature variation, toward said valve seat in opposition to the pressure acting thereon in said bleed port.
 2. The invention defined in claim 1, wherein said first and second temperature distortable means comprise, respectively, first and second bimetallic strip means, said first strip means including slotted upturned ends and said second strip means having its ends engaged in said slotted ends of said first strip means.
 3. The invention defined in claim 1, wherein said valve body comprises a spherical ball and said valve seat comprises an annular depressed surface which, together with said second distortable element maintains said ball in registry with said bleed port.
 4. The invention defined in claim 1, wherein said first and second temperature distortable means comprise, respectively, first and second bimetallic strip means, said first strip means including slotted upturned ends and said second strip means having its ends engaged in said slotted ends of said first strip means; and wherein said valve body comprises a spherical ball and said valve seat comprises an annular depressed surface which, together with said second distortable element maintains said ball in registry with said bleed port.
 5. Control means providing a control pressure output in response to a sensed parameter input comprising parameter-to-pressure transducer means converting a sensed parameter variation to a functionally related input pressure variable; pressure regulator means providing a preselected set point pressure, pressure responsive relay means comprising housing means, multiple diaphragm means including a common integral body portion in said housing defining displaceable wall pressure chambers therein, input means receiving said input pressure variable and said set point pressure into preselected ones of said pressure chambers effecting a displacement of said integral body portion as a function of the differential between said input pressure variable and said set point pressure, a control pressure output, and control pressure modulating valve means actuated in response to a displacement of said body portion; and throttling range control means for said control means comprising displaceable means in said housing of said relay means constraining said body portion to a predetermined quiescent position and effecting a predetermined change in the effective area of said diaphragm means and the proportionate response of said relay means to a given change in said input pressure variable, thereby precluding the need for compensating adjustments of said transducer means.
 6. The invention defined in claim 5, wherein said control means operates in a direct acting mode when said input pressure variable and said set point pressure are interconnected with said input means of said relay means in a predetermined manner and in a reverse acting mode when said pressures are inversely connected with said input means relative to said predetermined manNer.
 7. Control means providing a control pressure output in response to a sensed parameter input comprising parameter-to-pressure transducer means converting a sensed parameter variation to a functionally related input pressure variable; pressure regulator means providing a preselected set point pressure; and pressure responsive relay means comprising housing means, multiple diaphragm means including a common integral body portion in said housing defining displaceable wall pressure chambers therein, input means receiving said input pressure variable and said set point pressure into preselected ones of said pressure chambers effecting a displacement of said integral body portion as a function of the differential between said input pressure variable and said set point pressure, a control pressure output, and control pressure modulating valve means actuated in response to a displacement of said body portion; said parameter-to-pressure transducer means comprising a base, a pressure chamber in said base, said pressure chamber including input, bleed and output port means, said input means including flow restrictor means and adapted to be connected therethrough to a source of supply pressure, and said bleed port means including a valve seat externally of said pressure chamber, a bleed valve comprising a free valve body operatively engaged with said valve seat, first elongated parameter distortable means secured to said base over said valve seat and being so shaped and so proportioned as to permit said valve body to extend therethrough, and second elongated parameter distortable means coterminous with and having its ends engaged with the ends of said first distortable means engageable intermediate its ends with said valve body, said first and second distortable means being distortable in opposition in response to a given parameter variation whereby said valve body is selectively constrained by said second distortable means, as a function of said parameter variation, toward said valve seat in opposition to the pressure acting thereon in said bleed port. 